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Saturday, 10 September 2011

Expansion of the Earth

 Expansion of the Earth

    Did the planet Earth remained with the same radius from the beginning of its formation? Here's an intriguing question and the answer to this question certainly  promotes strong impact on geological knowledge. The Theory of Plate Tectonics was an important advance in understanding the planet, but   would be correct all the propositions of this theory?

   It may be noted that there is no question about Continental Drift and, therefore, the continents move, but will the proposals on subduction zones would be valid? The processes of formation of mountain chains were linked to areas of convergence - or the results would be buckling surface by the processes of expansion?

  The expansion of the Earth or the Earth Expanding Theory had as one of its most important proponents , Australian geologist Samuel Warren Carey (1911-2002). He and a small number of other researchers, continued to support expansion and investigate models of the Earth. Carey coined such phrases as "Subduction is a myth," "The most likely site for error is the most fundamental of our beliefs" and "Subduction exists only in the minds of its creators" In fact, it may be noted that there is a much greater extent of linear kilometers of Mid-ocean ridge, where there is clearly expansion of the ocean floor, than linear kilometers of so-called subduction zones as suggest by the paradigm of Plate Tectonics.


Samuel Warren Carey (1911-2002), Geologist

  The artist Neal Adams is also a supporter and promoter of ideas about a new model of the universe and the Earth Expanding Theory. According to this theory, both Earth and other celestial bodies expand. There would not exist the supercontinent Pangea and the so-called subduction zones. Neal Adams has established a YouTube channel with videos produced by himself, offering his vision of expanding the models of planet Earth.

A Neal Adams animation about theory that the Earth is growing

  Current models of the Earth's interior, based on studies of seismology and mantle tomography indicate that the mantle is rigid and colder than previously thought. How could then occur subduction zones? Another fact to consider is that everything in the universe seems to expand. The observation of the planets of the solar system does not show any suggestion that subduction zones could occur, however expansion processes seem to play an important role in the evolution of planets and stars. Why only planet Earth work within the meaning of Plate Tectonics?

  It may be noted that there are so many questions to be resolved and that support at least in the field of logic. Expansion models allow almost perfect adjustment of the continental masses on a planet with a radius smaller than the current one. Note also that many models of continental reconstruction based on Plate Tectonics leads to many inconsistencies, and that will be if that used a smaller radius in reconstruction adjustments would be better?

 
  It would be very interesting to try to reconstruct all the continents according to the Expanding Earth Theory, using available data  from geochronology, geological and paleontological correlation. If there is a better fit, certainly part of the Plate Tectonics Theory should be reviewed, analyzed and reviewed. Perhaps the most important challenge in this new global tectonics would be to study the causes of possible mechanism of expansion and adjustment of mountain building in the geologic time.

An interesting outline about the Theory of Expanding Earth can be found at :
http://oilismastery.blogspot.com/2008/10/expanding-earth-outline.html


See also:
DON FINDLAY'S EXPANDING EARTH BLOG - THE CHANGE FROM PLATE TECTONICS TO EARTH EXPANSION


Videos about Earth Expanding (Lecture in 14 videos)



Yes! The Earth is Expanding. Part 1 of 14.

Yes! The Earth is Expanding. Part 2 of 14.

Yes! The Earth is Expanding. Part 3 of 14.

Yes! The Earth is Expanding. Part 4 of 14.

Yes! The Earth is Expanding. Part 5 of 14.

Yes! The Earth is Expanding. Part 6 of 14.

Yes! The Earth is Expanding. Part 7 of 14.

Yes! The Earth is Expanding. Part 8 of 14.

Yes! The Earth is Expanding. Part 9 of 14.

Yes! The Earth is Expanding. Part 10 of 14.

Yes! The Earth is Expanding. Part 11 of 14.

Yes! The Earth is Expanding. Part 12 of 14.

Yes! The Earth is Expanding. Part 13 of 14.

Yes! The Earth is Expanding. Part 14 of 14.

Sunday, 4 September 2011

Earth's Formation and its Interior

Earth's Formation and its Interior

    Many problems of geological interpretation, certainly arise from misconceptions over about the processes involved in planetary formation.

    Earth was probably formed by planetesimal accretion processes, along with primordial materials available at the origin of the proto-solar system at 4,567 Ga. Among these materials were present many primordial gases such as hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, methane, among others, including complex molecules such as hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons compounds (PAHs) and water.

An artistic conception  to accretion of  the Earth - planetesimals, 
chunks of rock and ice, from proto-planetary nebulae coallesce to 
form the nuclei of planets such as the Earth.   
The most part of abiotic hydrocarbons and primordial gases such as helium, Nitrogen, Carbon  dioxide and others volatiles remain trapped within the Earth.

    The predominant silicate materials formed from dust and impacts were submitted only  to partial melting and primary geochemical differentiation  focused heavier metallic elements like iron and nickel in the core of the planet with a fraction of metal carbides. Many primordial gases, carbon  and hydrocarbons also were trapped inside the planet until the formation of the crust. Impacts, which are the most dominant geological process in the universe, becomes more rare after the end of the accretionary processes.

   Many geologists still think that the planet's interior is filled with magma, which is nonsense, because the formation of magma is due to strong decompression that induce formation of pockets or locally magma chambers and that can promote volcanism on the surface. Thus the Earth in its juvenile stage, was not an incandescent body as seen in pictures present in several books of geology,  geography and others geosciences. These pictures leads to a misunderstanding about planet formation and, consequently, at this point of view, that hydrocarbon molecules would not be stable in a completely melted body.

    Thermodynamic studies show that hydrocarbons are stable at high pressures and temperatures in the Earth's interior. Most of the carbon remained in the inner part and another part
of this carbon reach the surface through the processes of outgassing caused by tectonic forces.

   Understanding the process of planetary formation is fundamental to geology, both in the interpretation of the internal and external Earth's dynamics systems. 

Saturday, 3 September 2011

Unconventional Geology

Summary About Unconventional Geology
(clickable links)





    What is the ape to man? A laughing-stock, a thing of shame. And just the same shall man be to the Superman: a laughing-stock, a thing of shame.

    Ye have made your way from the worm to man, and much within you is still worm. Once were ye apes, and even yet man is more of an ape than any of the apes.


    From:

    Thus Spoke Zarathustra

    Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1844-1900)